Cell mechanics: from single scale-based models to multiscale modelling

Cell mechanics: from single scale-based models to multiscale modelling

Biological cells are considered as the building units of life. It was Robert Hooke who coined the word cell in histological description of cork and other specimens using coarse optical lenses, as published in his Micrographia in 1665 [10]. A few years later, Anthonie van Leeuwenhoek used a self-built microscope to observe living microorganisms which he called animalcules ('little ani-mals') whi...

Multiscale Particle-In-Cell Method: From Fluid to Solid Mechanics

Modelling approaches for evaluating multiscale tendon mechanics.

Tendon exhibits anisotropic, inhomogeneous and viscoelastic mechanical properties that are determined by its complicated hierarchical structure and varying amounts/organization of different tissue constituents. Although extensive research has been conducted to use modelling approaches to interpret tendon structure-function relationships in combination with experimental data, many issues remain ...

Vertex models: from cell mechanics to tissue morphogenesis

Tissue morphogenesis requires the collective, coordinated motion and deformation of a large number of cells. Vertex model simulations for tissue mechanics have been developed to bridge the scales between force generation at the cellular level and tissue deformation and flows. We review here various formulations of vertex models that have been proposed for describing tissues in two and three dim...

ATOMIC-SCALE MECHANICS: From Proteins to Dislocations

■ Abstract Computation is one of the centerpieces of both the physical and biological sciences. A key thrust in computational science is the explicit mechanistic simulation of the spatiotemporal evolution of materials ranging from macromolecules to intermetallic alloys. However, our ability to simulate such systems is in the end always limited in both the spatial extent of the systems that are ...